| Renewable Energy Age in Offing By Gopal Krishna 11/06/2004 At 12:19 With a new political establishment in place in India, there is an expectation for an increased role of renewable energies which reflects a vision for a sustainable energy future, providing better and more equitable access to energy as well as increased energy efficiency. The recently concluded International Conference for Renewable Energies (Renewables 2004) in Bonn, paved the way for a global transformation in energy structures and for a massive increase in the use of renewable energies for alleviating global poverty and protecting the climate.On 4 June, government delegates from 154 countries adopted the Political Declarations of renewables 2004. The declaration contains definitions of common political objectives for promoting the role of renewable energies. In keeping with the global trends Indian Ministry of Non-conventional Energy Sources (MNES) estimates that there is a potential of generating about 1500 MW of power from urban and municipal wastes and about 1000 MW from industrial wastes in the country, which is likely to increase further with economic development. But if this electricity generation is not based on genuine renewable energy technologies, the very purpose of protecting environment and health will be defeated. There is a danger of promotion of toxic burn techologies through misplaced financial incnetives. Energy Recovery Programme The National Programme on Energy Recovery from Urban and Industrial Wastes was launched during the year 1995-96 with the following objectives (i) creation of conducive conditions with financial and fiscal regime to promote, develop and demonstrate the utilisation of wastes for recovery of energy; (ii) improvement in the waste management practices through adoption of renewable energy technologies for processing and treatment of wastes prior to disposal; and (iii) promotion of projects for recovery of energy from wastes from Urban and Industrial sectors. Financial Incentives Financial Incentives being provided for eligible waste-to-energy projects under National Programme on Energy Recovery from Urban and Industrial Wastes are given below: Commercial Projects Interest subsidy is provided for reducing the rate of interest to 7.5% (4% in case of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) based projects taken up by the Municipal Corporations / Urban Local Bodies). The amounts of interest subsidy capitalised with an annual discount rate of 12%, given to Financial Institutions (FIs) are as follows: Demonstration Projects Assistance of up to 50% of capital cost of the project limited to Rs. 3.00 crore per MW for demonstration projects to generate power from Municipal Solid Wastes and a few selected Industrial Wastes. Power generation at Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) Financial assistance of up to 50% of the incremental capital cost for generation of power from biogas. Urban Local Bodies Financial Incentive @ Rs. 15.00 lakh per MWe is payable to Municipal Corporations/Urban Local Bodies, for providing garbage free of cost at the project site and land on long term (30 years +) basis on nominal lease rent. However this incentive will be reduced to 50% in case of projects for generation of power from fuel or fuel from waste. State Nodal Agencies Financial incentives @ Rs. 5.00 lakh per MWe is payable to State Nodal Agencies for promotion, co-ordination and monitoring of projects. However, this incentive will be reduced to 50% in case of projects for generation of power from fuel or fuel from waste. Financial Institutions A service charge of 2% of the actual subsidy channelised through the FI to the promoter or other FIs, subject to a maximum of Rs. 2.00 lakh per project. Preparation of Detailed Project Report 50% of the cost of preparation of DPR or Techno-economic Feasibility Reports, subject to a maximum of Rs. 2.00 lakh per report to Urban Local Bodies only. International Conference for Renewable Energies have laid down new international goals for the increased use of renewables. The action plan will mobilise billions in investments in generating energy from wind, solar, biomass and geothermal sources. This will also benefit the climate. Implementing these measures will lead to the continued and significant decrease in global emissions of carbon dioxide: by 2015 estimated savings of 1.2 billion tonnes CO2 per year are anticipated. Altogether around 165 voluntary actions and commitments were submitted for inclusion in the Action Programme. Particularly ambitious goals were presented by China and the Philippines for example, as well as from the World Bank and the Global Environment Facility (GEF). By 2010, China plans to increase the share of renewable energies in its total installed energy capacity to 10 per cent. This is equivalent to 60 GW total installed capacity and is expected to be made up of 50 GW from small hydropower installations, 4 GW from wind energy, 6 GW from biomass utilisation and 450 MW from solar power. In order to achieve this goal, China has developed its own national strategy for renewable energies. The government will raise around € 50 billion for this in cooperation with other stakeholders. Questions of financing were among the central topics of the Conference. The Global Environment Facility (GEF) agreed to use US$ 100 million per year to support ambitious renewable energy projects in developing countries. The aim is to trigger total investments of around US$ 500 million per year. The World Bank Group announced it will increase funding in the renewable energies and energy efficiency sectors by 20% p.a. over the next five years. Support for renewable energies and energy efficiency will amount to a total of US$ 400 million in 2010, equivalent to twice the previous amount. Renewable energies are accepted worldwide; both here and in developing countries they are gaining more and more supporters. The age of renewables seem to have begun. Perhaps, it is in tune with this reality that there is a proposal to rename MNES as the Ministry for Renewable and New Energies which has an objective of having 10 percent of additional energy capacity from renewables by 2012. The fact remains it is not the concern for environment that is driving these moves far from it the real reason is the alarming depletion of fossil fuels.
Email:: gopal@toxicslink.org >>Add a comment "Waste Not Asia" alliance is an alliance of Asia-Pacific Nations for promotion of Clean Production and a Zero-Waste oriented society. On July 28, 2000, environmental activists from 12 Asia-Pacific nations launched WASTE NOT ASIA (WNA). It is the region's first alliance to oppose the expansion of waste incineration technologies and promote ecological methods of waste management. WNA has clarified that their alliance members will strive to put in place a sustainable society that will constantly endeavour to achieve a goal of zero waste through an evolving program of clean production. The alliance is working on principles that emphasize materials recovery over materials destruction; solutions that are democratically derived and socially just; systems that are community-based and emphasize local jobs creation involving small businesses as opposed to capital-intensive corporate led interventions. WNA is the Asian regional arm of the Global Anti Incinerator Alliance (GAIA), which was formed in Johannesburg in December 2000. From last 26th to 30th July, 2001 WNA held its second Annual Conference in Taipei, Taiwan. This year WNA has organised a Meeting in Seoul, South Korea from 21-24 June 2004. Toxics Link is participating in the meeting, which will be inaugurated by Mr Gwak, Gyul-Ho, Minister of Environment, Korea. There will be presentations and discussions on “Extended Producer Responsibility -Holding Producers Responsible for Designing Cleaner and Safer Products: Principles and Progress to Date” and several related issues. Toxics Link would provide a resource person to undertake a Skill share on how to campaign against incinerators based on Indian experience. The following statement was adopted by WNA. Signatories are listed at the end. THE VISION. Waste Not Asia is a coalition of citizens' groups and individuals from Asia and the Pacific who support a commitment to: · decentralized community-based reuse, recycling and composting programmes that promote materials recovery rather than materials destruction ; · opposing waste landfills, incinerators and other "end-of-pipe" interventions; · ensure that manufacturers are held responsible for designing products and packaging that are ecologically sound through every stage of their life cycle; · eliminate persistent organic pollutants or POPs and move towards a toxic free future; · reduce generation of waste, promote clean production, and move towards a zero waste society. Whereas Asia is going through a period of rapid economic and industrial development patterned along the lines of the environmentally and socially destructive throwaway society and culture of over-consumption prevalent in the industrialized North; Whereas the increasing consumption in Asia is resulting in growing mountains of garbage and other wastes which are sought to be disposed in landfills or burnt openly or in incinerators; Whereas Asia is under siege from multinational corporations, international financial institutions, aid agencies and governments who seek to push material disposal and destruction technologies such as landfills and incinerators; Whereas indiscriminate dumping and landfilling of unseparated waste is causing severe environmental, social and public health problems which disproportionately impact and dislocate low income neighborhoods and communities; Whereas burning waste, with or without the recovery of energy, puts dangerous substances such as toxic metals, dioxins, furans, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), into the air and into the residual ash; Whereas the United Nations Environment Program has identified dioxins, furans and PCBs as persistent organic pollutants requiring priority global action; Whereas the poor economic and environmental track record of incinerators and landfills in industrialized and developing countries has led to intense public opposition to such technologies; Whereas many incinerator and landfill proposals have been linked to corruption scandals and undemocratic decision-making processes; Whereas the disposal and destruction of materials robs future generations of resources, drains local communities of finances and resources, thwarts local economic development and undermines rational approaches to waste management, and concentrates economic benefits in the hands of a few corporations; Whereas a large informal sector in many Asian countries already exist that provides invaluable service by recovery and recycling; Whereas incinerators, landfills and other "end-of-pipe" solutions endanger the progressive and superior alternatives that are being pioneered in communities and municipalities around Asia and detract from initiatives to reduce waste and toxics in manufacturing; Whereas the over-reliance on "end-of-pipe" solutions encourages exploitation via the export of wastes and dirty technologies; Whereas the investments in landfills and waste destruction technologies are saddling many nations and communities with debilitating debts and undermines poverty alleviation programs; Whereas lending institutions and international aid and financing agencies, by bankrolling these projects, play a key role in promoting retrogressive waste destruction practices; Whereas the production and use of unsustainable materials such as PVC (polyvinyl chloride) has led to the poisoning of human health and the environment; Whereas several disasters - such as the Payata dumpsite collapse in the Philippines and the continuing disaster of Japanese dioxin emissions - have indicated the futility of "end-of-pipe" solutions; Whereas this chemical trespass violates women's fundamental rights to bear healthy children and to breast feed; THEREFORE, we demand that: Multilateral, bilateral and private aid and lending institutions like the Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA), USAID, the Asian Development Bank, and the World Bank: · end funding for materials destruction methods, including incineration and related disposal technologies; · cease providing secretive, distorted and biased prescriptions on waste management to governments. The UN and affiliated bodies: · condemn and end the promotion of incinerators and other materials destruction technologies; Our governments: · ban new incinerators and phase-out existing ones; · promote materials recovery rather than materials destruction; · support local initiatives which benefit communities rather than corporations; · open all decisions on waste management to full public participation and transparency at every stage of the process; · ensure waste solutions are democratically decided and socially just; · provide avoided disposal costs to communities and businesses which divert recyclable and compostable materials from landfills; · end hidden subsidies for landfills and incinerators; · prioritize waste reduction at source, clean production, pollution prevention and sustainable material use; · phase-out unsustainable materials such as PVC and other chlorinated compounds; · support the demand for the elimination of POPs in the ongoing treaty negotiations under the auspices of the United Nations Environment Program; · track the elimination of POPs by determining levels of dioxins and furans and other chemicals in the food chain and in mothers' breast milk on a regular basis. Adopted by the groups which are part of WNA.
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